Is Lesbianism A Sickness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Lesbianism A Sickness - Essay Example Calling something a â€Å"mental illness† has, ever since psychology became a respectable science, has constituted an effective tool for smearing individual human beings with the label of â€Å"deviant† or â€Å"abnormal†. These â€Å"diagnoses† have, instead of promoting individual health and well-being, reinforced society’s biases and promoted oppression. Unfortunately, these kinds of attitudes and folk psychological notions of â€Å"mental illness† still remain, which leads some people (particularly lesbians) to remain safely in the closet. However, doing so poses a great risk to the psychology of the lesbian in question. Nevertheless, as Nanette Gartrell1 points out, â€Å"coming out of the closet† is the only way to resolve many of the problem that afflict lesbians who feel that silence is necessary for their jobs, homes, economic security, families, friends, or their children. Gartrell surveys the history of lesbianism by looking at its history of psychological evaluation. Like male homosexuality, it was treated as an â€Å"illness† or as a matter of abnormal psychology. While it is clear today that there is no physical basis for such a scientific conclusion, in previous times the science was made to reflect a value-based conclusion instead of a factual one. Freud, like in many of his examinations, created an elaborate explanation for lesbianism, using a series of his concepts. Likewise, Helene Deutsch explained lesbianism by looking at the phenomenon as a â€Å"perversion†, which is a patently anti-scientific inference. Criticism of this psychological methodology led to advances in the study of lesbianism from a psychological perspective, and thus a better understanding of the phenomenon itself. No longer were lesbians categorically seen as â€Å"perverse† by researchers: indifferent investigations could pursue the truth about the pl ace of lesbians relative to heterosexual women in the

MAE 102 Global Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MAE 102 Global Economic - Essay Example Information will be get from the following informational source http://data.worldbank.org/indicator. Question 1 First of all, we are going to consider such important economic indicator as GDP. This indicator for all the mentioned countries is provided in the table below. ... However, the gap between the degrees of GDP of both countries is quite high. The common feature between both countries is that they both suffered the global financial crisis quite well. Spain and Australia are almost similar in the terms of GDP. The last country in this group is Zimbabwe. In fact, it is an obvious fact, taking into account the recent economic problems in this country, about which we will say a few word below. Question 2 In order to evaluate the degree of social and economic development of a country it is important to evaluate not only an absolute level of GDP, but also such indicator as GDP per capita. This indicator for all the countries is provided below. Country Name Australia Brazil China Spain Zimbabwe 1998 21 364,21 4 980,99 820,86 15 126,43 522,11 1999 20 578,83 3 413,26 864,73 15 475,52 552,83 2000 21 708,04 3 696,15 949,18 14 413,79 534,79 2001 19 541,42 3 129,76 1 041,64 14 952,09 538,96 2002 20 100,99 2 812,33 1 135,45 16 611,71 503,03 2003 23 445,60 3 041 ,68 1 273,64 21 041,54 454,10 2004 30 375,83 3 609,88 1 490,38 24 468,75 460,84 2005 33 944,98 4 743,27 1 731,13 26 056,39 457,83 2006 35 986,07 5 793,40 2 069,34 28 024,75 434,48 2007 40 461,07 7 197,03 2 651,26 32 118,10 423,99 2008 49 232,97 8 628,95 3 413,59 34 977,39 354,63 2009 42 333,45 8 391,67 3 749,27 31 714,24 491,68 2010 51 628,60 10 992,94 4 433,36 29 956,16 591,29 2011 61 789,48 12 593,89 5 444,79 31 984,73 757,09 This table proposes the different picture. China now occupies the second place from the end, while Australia can be considered as the most economically developed country. In any case, the degree of well-being of its citizens is much higher than the same indicator of Chinese people. The main reason for it is of course the fact